Three dissidents sentenced under Article 88

The government of Vietnam has against invoked Article 88 prohibiting anti-state propaganda in its punishment of dissidents. This time, the victims are Pham Ba Hai, 40, sentenced to five years; Nguyen Ngoc Quang, 44, three years, and Vu Hoang Hai, 43, two years in prison, at a trial that apparently lasted one day on Friday. They are accused of forming a group named "Bach Dang River" in April 2006. According to Nhan Dan, they "uploaded distorted information on the internet in the period between April and August 2006 to ignite demonstrations and slander the party and government leaders, with the aim of sabotaging the Socialist Republic of Vietnam." Pham Ba Hai also apparently found a way to record his interrogation and then uploaded it onto the internet. Hai, a member of the pro-democracy Bloc 8406, has been in prison since September 2006. It isn't clear from the news reports if the other two have also been detained since that time.

According to Le Nga of Vietnam's Thanh Nien newspaper: "The court ruled in 2001, when working in India, Pham Ba Hai connived with his two henchmen in Vietnam to publish subversive material on the Internet to instigate many students to plot against the Vietnamese government." Nhan Dan, whose article was titled, "Distorted information spreaders given jail sentences," stated the accused "posted documents that distorted history, attacked administrations and tarnished the Party and state officials, and incited people to protest."

Clearly, these three dissidents were guilty of nothing more than criticizing the government and ruling party of Vietnam, an activity which should be protected, not criminalized.

Sources: DPA/Earth Times April 26; Thanh Nien, April 26; VNA/VNS April 26; Nhan Dan April 26.

Chronology of repression

The Committee for Human Rights in Vietnam has posted a detailed chronology of various acts of repression in Vietnam, along with protests from dissidents and their loved ones, covering the period of January through April 15, 2008. The chronology describes police brutality, harassment of dissidents, preventing wives from visiting their detained husbands, and dissidents from attending the funeral of Hoang Minh Chinh, religious repression and many other acts.

Source: Report on Continuous Violations of Human Rights in Vietnam by The Committee for Human Rights in Vietnam, April 15.

Guide to library and electronic resources on Vietnam

Following Vietnam from Berkeley: a guide to library and electronic resources
By Stephen Denney
Paper presented to 2008 6th Triennial Vietnam Symposium of Texas Tech University’s Vietnam Center, March 13-15, 2008

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to provide some tips and a general overview for researchers on contemporary Vietnam. I will speak here from my experience working at the Indochina Archive and as a cataloguer for the UC Berkeley library and also from some research I have done over the years.

Conditions for following events in Vietnam have changed dramatically in the decades since the war ended in 1975. During the war, with Vietnam divided in half, foreign reporters were relatively free to roam around South Vietnam and interview people of all backgrounds, despite the sometimes authoritarian nature of the South Vietnam government. North Vietnam, on the other hand, was mostly isolated from the West. It allowed a few visitors who subsequently wrote about their observations -- reporters such as Harrison Salisbury, or antiwar activists such as Tom Hayden or Herbert Aptheker. Much of the information about North Vietnam and life inside the country came from captured documents and interviews with defecting or captured soldiers from the north. Also at this time, the U.S. government’s two worldwide translation services, Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) and Joint Publications Research Service (JPRS), translated radio broadcasts, newspaper and journal articles, and these also became an important basis for understanding conditions in North Vietnam at the time.

With the end of the war newly reunified Vietnam remained largely closed off to the outside world, with few correspondents allowed to spend much time in the country. Among reporters with access to Vietnam in the late 1970s were Wilfred Burchett, an Australian communist reporter allowed to spend time in Vietnam, and whose writings appeared in the radical Guardian newspaper of New York; and Nayan Chanda, a reporter for the Far Eastern Economic Review, who interviewed top officials from Vietnam. This was also, however, a time when Vietnamese were beginning to flee the country in large numbers and news correspondents such as the New York Times’s Henry Kamm were interviewing the boat people. Added to this were the rare cases of documents dissidents smuggled out of the country, such as when a high ranking Buddhist monk, Thich Man Giac, fled the country in 1978 and took with him documents of the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam, protesting repression and appealing for human rights.

On sources directly from Vietnam, there were publications intended for outside foreign consumption, such as Vietnam Courier, or South Vietnam in Struggle, the official NLF organ during the Vietnam war. There were also some publications in Vietnamese, such as Tap Chi Cong San (Communist Studies), the theoretical journal of the Vietnamese Communist Party, which a few American libraries were able to obtain.

Among the most important sources at that time were translated radio broadcasts and newspaper articles by the U.S. government’s Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) and Joint Publications Research Service (JPRS). The British Broadcasting Corporation had a similar service to FBIS in the Summary of World Broadcasts. FBIS and JPRS were quite extensive in their Vietnam coverage at this time. Both publications were regional within a larger series, the FBIS with Vietnam coverage was the Asia Pacific Daily Report, and the JPRS with Vietnam coverage Southeast Asia Report. FBIS came out daily, from Monday through Friday, and carried primarily the transcripts of radio broadcasts from the region, some translated and some originally broadcast in English; while JPRS came out irregularly, a few times a week, and carried transcripts of translated articles from Vietnam and other parts of the world. The two complemented each other in the sense that FBIS would help one keep abreast of daily events, while JPRS translated more in depth articles, including important legal texts, such as Resolution 297, the first document of post-75 Vietnam setting forth the official religious policy, and the entire text of the 1985 Vietnam Criminal Code. For a period, it also translated the entire text of each issue of Tap Chi Cong San. I found such translations to be very helpful for my own research on human rights conditions in the country.

FBIS and JPRS were available on microfiche at university libraries that were federal depositories, and these were generally about six months behind publication date. Also, the JPRS publications, which were more valuable for their magazine translations, generally did not begin before 1975 or 1978 in the microfiche collections I visited. That said, the advantage of these two publications is that they were made available for free in microfiche form to university libraries which were federal depositories, and which would probably not otherwise receive these publications. This was the case at Portland State University for example. There were also a very few libraries that subscribed to these publications in paper form, and these, of course, would arrive much quicker. When I did research on Vietnam in 1980, in the San Francisco Bay area, the main libraries I used were Hoover, Stanford and U.C. Berkeley libraries for their print holdings of FBIS, and the BBC Summary of World Broadcasts; and their microfiche holdings of JPRS. In 1981 Douglas Pike retired from government and moved to UC Berkeley with his voluminous collection of materials on Vietnam, which included a large volume of FBIS and JPRS clippings sorted into appropriate files. I will discuss these holdings later.

To sum up for this period, that is the war years and the first decade afterwards, Vietnam was relatively isolated from the United States and much of the West. Here were the main sources for information on communist Vietnam:

- Official sources from Vietnam. These came at different levels: (1) materials intended for the outside world, such as Vietnam Courier, Vietnamese Studies and Vietnam Pictorial magazine, also radio broadcasts for overseas audiences; (2) materials published within the country primarily for the domestic population, i.e. newspapers such as Nhan Dan, Saigon Giai Phong or journals such as Tap Chi Cong San, also domestic radio broadcasts; and (3) the rare materials intended only for use within high-level circles, such as party directives smuggled out of the country. The publications and broadcasts were available in their original form, but also translated to some extent by FBIS, JPRS and BBC.

- Refugee accounts from those who fled by boat or other means, and news interviews with these people.

- Reports from correspondents, activists and officials allowed to visit Vietnam, and interviews with Vietnam officials.

The book collections on Vietnam were relatively small at this time at most libraries, consisting mostly of works on the war itself, with a few books on North Vietnam or of Vietnam’s history before American involvement.

This is very different from the situation today. One of the early signs of change came in 1985 with the tenth anniversary of the fall of Saigon, when the major American television networks and print media were able to send reporters to the country and provide some in-depth coverage of events there. With the changes taking place in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev and the economic reforms in China, Vietnam also began a policy of economic reforms and a relative degree of political openness particularly after the Sixth Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party in Dec. 1986; although, like China, the economic reforms were interspersed with political crackdowns on dissent. Vietnam also began to improve relations with .neighboring countries in Southeast Asia and the West, Meanwhile, the U.S. lifted the embargo and moved toward the establishment of full diplomatic and trade relations. The rapid expansion of internet beginning in the 1990s has radically transformed our form of communication and information access all over the world.

The effect of these changes for Vietnam researchers has been manifold. It is now normal for graduate and post-graduate research on Vietnam to be conducted within the country, while scholarly and other exchanges regularly take place between Vietnam and other countries. Journalists report directly from within the country. Vietnam is a major tourist destination, for overseas Vietnamese returning as well as people of various nationalities. Books, serials and other publications can be obtained relatively easily from Vietnam, either through direct purchase or through vendors. People are able to communicate through internet, and various Vietnamese publications, organizations and government agencies have their own websites. Dissident literature and protests also come out of the country through internet, and other forms of telecommunications. This is not to say that Vietnam is today an open and democratic society -- the government still enforces harsh repression, particularly against pro-democracy dissidents, and all publishing agencies are government-owned -- but conditions for following contemporary developments in Vietnam and accessing information have changed greatly over the last two decades.

In this essay I will not attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of Vietnam contemporary research. I will not attempt to discuss accessibility of libraries, archives and other research institutions in Vietnam, as I have not had the opportunity to carry out such research myself; and am also limited in my ability to discuss some of the Vietnamese language sources as I am not fluent in the language. What I can do is provide my perspective on the state of Vietnam resources as accessible here from U.C. Berkeley. I will begin with a discussion of electronic and periodical resources, followed by books and archival sources, and finally a brief discussion of Vietnamese refugee resources.

Electronic resources at UC Berkeley

In discussing the availability of online resources, I will focus on what we have here at Berkeley as electronic resources which are not available to general users of internet, although presumably some of these resources are also available to patrons of some other university libraries; then move on to what is available to all internet users.

Here at Berkeley, students, faculty and staff have access to a range of electronic resources. They can be found by going to the library home page, http://www.library.berkeley.edu/, and clicking on electronic resources. The electronic resources discussed below are presumably available at some other libraries. The best search engine for electronic news sources in recent years has been LexisNexis Academic Universe. LexisNexis has been around for years, and has been extremely expensive for the individual user. However, for those who have access through their university or law a wide variety of resources is available. The search engine has various categories one can check in searching for news over the last day, week previous ten years or all available dates. These categories include: major U.S. and world publications in English; major world publications in other languages; news wire services; blogs, radio and television transcripts; web publications; company, legal and SEC filings. The two sources I would normally use for daily monitoring are U.S. and world publications in English and news wire services. When I type the word “Vietnam” in the keyword search using those two sources, I bring up 217 news reports today (Jan. 14, 2008), in decreasing order of relevance. Of these many are duplicate stories or only marginally related to Vietnam, brought up because they have the word “Vietnam” somewhere in the news story, for example, reports about the campaign of Senator John McCain. The two main news wire services for these reports are Thai Press Reports and Asia Pulse. Thai Press Reports is a very misleading term, at least for these Vietnam reports, as it is actually a service of Global News Wire - Asia Africa Intelligence Wire of The Financial Times Limited. Most of these reports come from Vietnam News Agency, Viet Nam News Service, and other Vietnam news sources, similar to what FBIS once published. Also brought up with this search are reports from various non-Vietnamese sources, such as Associated Press, Agence France Presse, and Xinhua.

The other search categories are also useful for researchers; SEC filings gives some indication of the nature of U.S. firms investing in Vietnam; the blogs, radio and television transcripts, and web publications provide additional news and commentary on Vietnam; while the legal category provides articles from American legal journals; a keyword search for Vietnam in this category produces some articles on Vietnam’s legislation as related to the economy and foreign investment, some court cases of asylum hearings, more articles on Vietnam veterans or even just passing reference to Vietnam in articles on contemporary affairs, such as Guantanamo.

Overall though, I find two other sources in the UC Berkeley Library electronic resource section to be more useful and direct for daily news monitoring: Vietnam News Agency (VNA) and Vietnam News Briefs (VNB). Vietnam News Agency is less unique in this section than Vietnam News Briefs, as VNA reports are widely reprinted in various Vietnam newspapers online, such as Nhan Dan. Nevertheless it is convenient; on a typical day would produce about 30-40 news reports. Unlike VNA, Vietnam News Briefs does not seem to be freely available in the free internet. On a typical day I might find 40 news stories from VNB, mostly on the economy. VNB compiles and sometimes translates stories from the Vietnam press. Unlike VNA, which is published under Vietnam government auspices, VNB is a service of the Financial Times of London. Both VNB and VNA also sometimes appear in the LexisNexis database, but it is useful to have their own sections.

To find either Vietnam News Briefs or Vietnam News Agency, I go to “e-journal titles A-Z” in the Electronic Resources section and then type in the keyword Vietnam. In addition to these, another important online resource found here is the Journal of Vietnamese Studies, an academic journal published under UC Berkeley auspices which is also made available online to UC Berkeley students, faculty and staff. It contains interesting discussions on issues within Vietnam, such as a recent debate among intellectuals in Vietnam over the Land Reform campaign of the 1950s.

Also in this section I might type keywords such as Asia or Southeast Asia to bring up other academic journals. If I type in “Asia” as the keyword, I come up with about 300 periodicals and journals that have this word somewhere in their title or description.

Another valuable source in the UC Berkeley database is Gale-Expanded ASAP. Here I can search for keywords within academic journal articles, similar to Google, and define the research results by full text or abstracts, publication date and other features. For example for 2008, I find 171 articles in full-text format with Vietnam as the keyword; if I change the search to include citations and abstracts as well as full-text, but limit the search to peer-reviewed articles I find 271 articles for 2007 (the latter method is valuable for those academic journal articles which may not be available in full text but can be located in the library).

Those are the main electronic resources within the UC Berkeley database I would use related to Vietnam, but there are many other forms of relevant electronic resources one can find in the UC Berkeley database, which can be browsed by subject areas, types of database, titles and general.

Internet resources

Outside these electronic resources which are generally fee-based and of limited availability through university libraries and other institutions, there are the ever expanding resources available free of charge on internet. The primary news search engine I rely upon is news.google.com, http://news.google.com. This search engine is very handy and continues to improve, bringing up sources from Hanoi-based online publications such as Thanh Nien or Vietnam Economic Times, as well as conventional news wire services such as Reuters, AFP and Associated Press; press releases from overseas Vietnamese groups; and various other sources. I often retrieve a greater diversity of sources for daily news searches from news.google.com than I do from Lexis-Nexis or Vietnam News Briefs, although they may not provide as many reports or as in-depth on certain topics as the latter. The other news search engine I sometimes use is Yahoo News Singapore, http://sg.news.yahoo.com/. This does not seem to retrieve as many results but does include major wire services, such as Reuters, AFP and AP, and also some other publications such as the Straits Times of Singapore.

Google has many other search engines which are also very helpful, including searchable maps with satellite photos, images, blogs, video, Google scholar and perhaps most significantly Google books. Google books is helpful both for locating text within a book on a particular subject, and also as a supplement to searching for books in a library catalog because a library catalog, while searchable in a variety of modes, including subject headings and subject keywords, may not cover all subjects discussed in a particular book. For example a book which is a collection of papers delivered at a conference might contain subject headings in the bibliographic record to cover the general topic of the conference, but the specific topics covered by the various papers might not all be listed in the record; and therefore might not be found by searching for LCSH or keywords, but could be found through Google book search. More library bibliographic records are now listing table of contents, but for most library records this is still not the case. Also, with Google books, in addition to providing often considerable access to the searchable text within a book, it also links both to Amazon and other book vendors, and also to Worldcat.org, which list libraries with the book in question.

Google scholar also is of value in finding articles in scholarly journals, and even doctoral thesis, sometimes one might just retrieve an abstract or citation on a particular search result, but still these can be used as a basis for further retrieval. Using the advanced search mode is advisable in this case as so many results come up with a simple search that are not necessarily relevant. As an example of what can be retrieved here, in searching for items in Google scholar on Catholics in Vietnam over the last two years I came up with among other items a doctoral thesis by Ngo Dinh Tinh on the “Church as a family of God: its developments and implications for the Church of Vietnam”.

Two other important search engines deserve note before I move to specific publications: the Vietnam Virtual Archive of Texas Tech University and the Defense Technical Information Center (http://www.dtic.mil/).

Most notable about the Defense Technical Information Center is that it has a searchable database, which seems to include all JPRS reports for Vietnam and Southeast Asia scanned into PDF format, from the early 1980s through the early 1990s (about a ten year stretch). I found here, for example, the JPRS report that translated Tran Van Tra's Vietnam: history of the bulwark theater, vol. 5, Concluding the 30-years of war and also the full text of Vietnam’s Criminal Code as promulgated in 1985 (since revised and updated, of course). JPRS also routinely translated the entire contents of the monthly theoretical journal of the Vietnamese Communist Party, Tap Chi Cong San. These were the kind of in-depth articles translated by JPRS, a service which is no longer available, even while we have greater access to Vietnamese language materials from Vietnam. In addition to the JPRS reports are many other interesting items found by typing Vietnam in the search box, such as a masters thesis for the Naval Postgraduate school in 2005 on the Catholic church in Vietnam.

The Vietnam Virtual Archive of Texas Tech consists of materials from the TTU Vietnam Archive which have been scanned into online format. The virtual archive presently contains over 2.7 million pages of scanned in materials, and according to Steve Maxner, director of the TTU Vietnam Center, it is scanning into PDF format about 20,000 pages monthly. Its website, http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/ states:

“Types of material include documents, photographs, slides, negatives, oral histories, artifacts, moving images, sound recordings, maps, and collection finding aids. All non-copyrighted and digitized materials are available for users to download.” Copyrighted materials are not downloadable, but are listed in case anyone might be interested in contacting the archive and arranging for them to be photocopied (also helpful in locating the materials elsewhere). The website notes that the archive grows through individual donations, and at this point a large part of its collection consists of materials donated by military veterans, but “we are striving to increase our holdings in all other aspects.” Perhaps the major donation from a non-military veteran would be from Douglas Pike, and I will discuss his collection, a part of which remained behind here in Berkeley, later in this essay. Other donations include collections of Larry Berman, George Veith, Admiral Elmo Zumwalt and William Colby. The archive has also put online many documents from the Combined Document Exploitation Center (CDEC), which was established in 1966 as the main repository of captured enemy documents in Vietnam. In a keyword search for CDEC I retrieved over 21,000 documents.

The documents of the Vietnam Virtual Archive are searchable by keyword and date. In recent online discussions on the Vietnam Studies Group, in response to separate queries on, respectively, a message from Ho Chi Minh to the American people dated Dec. 23, 1966, and the history of Go Vap district in Ho Chi Minh City, Steve Maxner pointed out that seven results came up in the Vietnam Virtual archive on the Ho Chi Minh message while 50 results came up for Go Vap orphanage. In addition to the printed materials, the virtual archive also has an oral history section, with interviews listenable online.

In terms of specific publications on the web, first of all are the many publications from Vietnam. Most of the well known publications from Vietnam are now online, many of which can be found at ABYZ News Links, http://www.abyznewslinks.com/vietn.htm, and include publications and broadcast media such as Voice of Vietnam (http://www.vovnews.vn/?lang=2), Vietnam Net bridge (http://english.vietnamnet.vn/), Vietnam Economic Times (http://www.vneconomy.com.vn/eng/), Vietnam News (http://www.vietnamnews.net/) and (http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/), Vietnam Investment Review (http://www.vir.com.vn/Client/VIR/Default.asp), Nhan Dan (http://www.nhandan.com.vn/english/), Quan Doi Nhan Dan (http://army.qdnd.vn/home.qdnd), Saigon Giai Phong (http://www.saigon-gpdaily.com.vn/index.html), Thanh Nien (http://www.thanhniennews.com/), Tien Phong (http://www.thanhniennews.com/), Tuoi Tre (http://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx), Vietnam News Agency (http://www.vnanet.vn/Home/tabid/117/Default.aspx), Hanoi Moi (http://www.hanoimoi.com.vn/), Le Courrier du Vietnam (http://lecourrier.vnagency.com.vn/), Cong An Thanh Pho Ho Chi Minh (http://www3.congan.com.vn/), Lao Dong (http://www.laodong.com.vn/), and Saigon Times Weekly (http://www.saigontimesweekly.saigonnet.vn/index.htm

Other sources from Vietnam include the Vietnam Embassy in the United States (http://www.vietnamembassy-usa.org/), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en), the National Assembly (http://www.na.gov.vn/), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (http://xttm.agroviet.gov.vn/TestE/default.asp), Permanent Mission of Vietnam to the United Nations (http://www.vietnam-un.org/en/index.php), and the Communist Party of Vietnam (http://www.cpv.org.vn/english/). (Note: English language links listed above, where available.)

On the other side of the spectrum are overseas Vietnamese internet resources. Many overseas Vietnamese journals and forums are online. Nguoi Viet online (http://www.nguoi-viet.com/) has long been one of the major Vietnamese-American newspapers. Talawas (http://www.talawas.org/talaDB/talaDBFront.php) is one of leading overseas Vietnamese journals on culture and politics. Important émigré journals devoted to literature and the arts include Tien Ve (http://www.tienve.org/) Da Mau (http:://domau.org); Van Hoc (http://www.nhanvan.com/vanhoc.htm), Hop Luu (http://www.hopluu.net/) and Giao Cam (http://giaocam.saigonline.com/). VietCatholic News Agency lists news items in Vietnam but also includes links to English language Catholic sites with information on Vietnam, such as UCAN news (http://www.ucanews.com/), Zenit (http://www.zenit.org/fulltext-0), and Fides (http://www.fides.org/index.php?lan=eng).

In addition there are other sites which promote and are sometimes in contact with dissident movements within Vietnam. Que Me (http://www.queme.net/) is a pro-democracy group which grew out of a magazine by the same name edited by Vo Van Ai in France. About 15 years ago, Mr. Ai was appointed head of the overseas press office for the dissident (and banned) Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam, which established at that time a connection between the UBC within Vietnam and a network of Vietnamese Buddhist churches overseas. Mr. Ai is therefore in close contact with dissident Buddhist leaders in Vietnam, particularly Thich Quang Do and Thich Huyen Quang, and often publishes news of their latest statements or other events related to human rights and church-state relations. Other pro-dissident websites operated by overseas Vietnamese groups include Vietnam Human Rights Network (http://www.vietnamhumanrights.net/IndexE.html), Religious Freedom for Vietnam (http://www.tudotgvn.org/), Committee for Religious Freedom in Vietnam (http://www.crfv.org/), the Montagnard Foundation (http://www.montagnard-foundation.org/homepage.html), the Viet Tan – Vietnam Reform Party (http://www.viettan.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=42) and the People’s Democratic Party (http://ddcnd.org/main/). The People’s Democratic Party recently posted what it described as a secret directive from the Communist Party Politburo on political trials in the country.

Another site of interest is Jean Libby’s Vietnamese American Achievement (http://vietamreview.blogharbor.com/), a site which regularly updates human rights issues on Vietnam and also contains many links to Vietnamese American websites focusing on human rights. For more links, SaigonBao.com (http://www.saigonbao.com/) contains a very extensive list of links both to oveseas Vietnamese journals and to journals from Vietnam.

Moving beyond, to general online publications of interest from non-Vietnamese sources, first of all are sites that contain information not readily found elsewhere on Vietnam. Eglises d’Asie (http://eglasie.mepasie.org/), is one such site, a biweekly journal published (in French) by the Foreign Missions of Paris. The chief writer on Vietnam has long been Fr. Jean Mais, a former missionary to Vietnam, who provides much insight and detail. This publication also includes documents related to the church in Vietnam and other Asian countries. The most recent issues are available online only to paid subscribers but access to earlier issues is free of charge.

There are also human rights groups which issue reports on Vietnam, such as Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders. The U.S. State Department issues an annual country by country report on worldwide human rights practices (http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/), its section on Vietnam is always quite detailed; it also publishes an annual International Religious Freedom Report (http://www.state.gov/g/drl/irf/rpt/), and periodically updataes Background Nores (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/), providing basic information about Vietnam and other countries.

Finally, there is You Tube and other video searchable bases. These can be particularly dramatic when finding videos on particular events. For example, the trial of Fr. Nguyen Van Ly last year, in which he was forcibly muzzled by security police while in the courtroom, was filmed and then broadcast by BBC and other news outlets, then these were placed onto Youtube; the picture of him being muzzled then became a rallying symbol for the cause of dissent in Vietnam.


Books and periodicals

When I first began browsing for books on Vietnam in the late 1970s, I would find Vietnam related books in my university library in Portland to be mostly in one section, where the history books were located, and most of the books were about the Vietnam war. This is still generally the case for most public and university libraries in America, but a few libraries have been acquiring large quantities of books from Vietnam in recent years, and this has changed the nature of Vietnam collections and how the books are located within the respective libraries, presenting much more diverse subject classifications and therefore locations of where these books can be found within the library. Furthermore, thanks to Internet, it is now possible to search for books, serials and other items not only in one’s own library but also in many other libraries as most libraries now post their searchable catalogs online. One can browse specific libraries with large holdings of Vietnam related books, but also on worldcat.org, a metacatalog of OCLC, the major database for library catalogers. The advantage of using Worldcat.org is that the search displays results from a wide range of libraries, in fact most libraries within the U.S. and many libraries in other countries.

Only a small handful of university libraries in the U.S. collect books and other library materials from Vietnam, probably less than ten altogether. These are mostly libraries with Southeast Asia programs, professors who specialize on Vietnam, or libraries of major universities. When I catalog newly arrived books from Vietnam, I find if a record has been created it is most likely by either Cornell, the University of Michigan, the University of Washington or the Library of Congress. Other libraries receiving books from Vietnam may rely mainly on the bibliographic records already created for their cataloging. I am going to address now our collection here at Berkeley, but first a word on how books are catalogued.

In the U.S. and Canada, most university libraries use the Library of Congress (LC) classification system, while most public libraries use the Dewey Decimal system. Most libraries in other countries use a modified form of the Dewey system. In this paper I will just discuss the LC system, since that is what I use for cataloging, but is should be noted (as to be discussed more below) that there are some public libraries with large collections of Vietnamese émigré writings.

The basic difference between the two is that the LC system is alphanumeric, while the Dewey system is purely numeric. The LC system is considered more appropriate for university libraries because it allows for greater nuance in finding the right classification for a particular book. Familiarity with LC system is helpful to the researcher, especially now that so many university libraries as well as the Library of Congress itself have their catalogs online. With this knowledge, one can essentially conduct a virtual tour of many libraries, and then through the Inter Library Loan system, in many cases borrow books that are found to be of interest. There are other ways to browse, of course, such as by subject heading, title, author or keyword search. These also have their respective advantages and turn up different results. For example, many non-fictional works contain more than one subject heading. Call numbers are normally assigned according to the primary subject heading. That means if one is browsing by call numbers for books on a particular subject, one might not find all books about that subject under a particular classification number, as there might be many books which might address this particular subject but do not have that subject as its main heading.

There are two parts to an LC call number: the classification and the cutter. The call number is determined by a brief bibliographic record created for the item, which normally includes basic publication information – title, author or editor, publisher, date of publication, size of book, and subject headings for most non-fictional works. The classification defines the primary subject matter, while the cutter separates a particular book or serial from others in the same subject classification.

For example, DS560.72 is the classification for biographical works on Ho Chi Minh. The cutter in this case would be either the author or, if no author is listed (editors don’t count), the title of the book. For example, William Duiker’s biography of Ho Chi Minh published in 2000 would be: DS560.72.H6.D85 2000 -- the classification being DS560.72 and the cutter being D85 2000. The purpose of combining letters and numbers in this way and adding the publication date in the call number is so the books will be organized not only by subject, but will also be arranged in general alphabetical order by author or title, and chronologically within different editions of the same work. (It might be noted that until about 20 years ago catalogued books normally did not include the year of publication in the call number).

There are also certain special classification cutters which should be noted: In works about literary authors, the cutter begins with a Z, in order to place all works about an author at the end of this classification number. Also, A6 normally precedes the final cutter for selected works, while A12 is for bibliographic works.

The Library of Congress main classification categories, as listed at its website
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/ , are:


• A -- GENERAL WORKS
• B -- PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY. RELIGION
• C -- AUXILIARY SCIENCES OF HISTORY
• D -- WORLD HISTORY AND HISTORY OF EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, ETC.
• E -- HISTORY OF THE AMERICAS
• F -- HISTORY OF THE AMERICAS
• G -- GEOGRAPHY. ANTHROPOLOGY. RECREATION
• H -- SOCIAL SCIENCES
• J -- POLITICAL SCIENCE
• K -- LAW
• L -- EDUCATION
• M -- MUSIC AND BOOKS ON MUSIC
• N -- FINE ARTS
• P -- LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
• Q -- SCIENCE
• R -- MEDICINE
• S -- AGRICULTURE
• T -- TECHNOLOGY
• U -- MILITARY SCIENCE
• V -- NAVAL SCIENCE
• Z -- BIBLIOGRAPHY. LIBRARY SCIENCE. INFORMATION RESOURCES (GENERAL)

Below is a list of classification categories within our library, with estimates on the number of books in these categories. It should be noted, first of all, we have a substantial backlog of books not yet catalogued and placed onto the shelves, which means the actual number of Vietnam books we have is higher than the estimates below; and secondly the estimates below do not take into account multi-volume works, as I arrived at this estimate by scrolling through the listing of books in our catalog. Probably more than 90 percent of our books are single volumes, but we do have some very large multi-volume works. Also some periodicals might be mixed up with the estimates below. Finally, the classification numbers below are not by any means all the classification numbers related to Vietnam in our library; there are many classifications in specialized areas which I may have overlooked in this listing:

BL2055-2058, Vietnam religious life and customs, including special topics (BL2057) and local (BL2058): 85 books

BQ490-BQ506 – Vietnamese Buddhism – 63 books

BV3325- Missions, Vietnam – 16 books

BX1650.V5 – Religious persecution, Vietnam – 2 books

BX1650.A7 – Catholics in Vietnam – 16 books

CE61.V5 – Vietnamese calendars – 12 books

CS1233-CS1239 – Vietnamese geneology, family history -17 books

CT1633- CT1639.8 – Vietnam biography – 23 books

DS531- DS553.7 – Indochina history (both French Indochina and Indochina as a political unit after 1975) – 880 books and 22 periodicals (84 books on the battle of Dien Bien Phu)


(DS554- DS554.98 – Cambodia – 634 books and 14 periodicals)
(DS555 – Laos – 224 books and periodicals)


DS556-DS560.92, Vietnam history – 6,553 books and 90 serials (for more details see appendix)

G155.V5 – Tourism, Vietnam – 8 books

G2367.V5-G2374. Atlases and maps of Vietnam – 27 – note: preceded by Southeast Asia, G2360-61, 12 items; and Mekong basin and Indochina, G2362-G2363, 8 items

GB305, Vietnam physical geography, 5 books

GN635.V5, Vietnam ethnology – 35 books

GR313, Vietnamese folk tales – 163 books (divided into ethnic Vietnamese and montagnard folklore)

GT2853.V5 - Food habits, Vietnam, Vietnamese cookery – 14 books

HA4600.5 – Statistics on Vietnam population, economy, etc. – 54 books

HC444, Vietnam economic conditions – 3,042 books, including 63 Z7 and 106 Z9 classes.

HD2085.V5-HD2085.5 – Agriculture, Vietnam, economic aspects; agriculture and state – 119 books

HE273.5 – Transportation, Vietnam – 13 books

HD4300.5 – Vietnam government business enterprises – 24 books

HD5715.5.V5 – Occupational training, Vietnam – 2 books

HD8700.5 – Working class, labor unions, Vietnam – 42 books

HF1594.5 - HF1594.5.Z4 . – Vietnam foreign economic relations – 34 books

HF3799.V5-HF3800.5.Z9, Vietnam commerce and business – 39 books

HN700.5.A8-HN700.53, Vietnam social conditions – 96 books

HQ799.V5 – Youth, Vietnam – 30 books

HQ1750.5 – Women, Vietnam – 57 books

HV8252.A5.V5 HV8252.5.A5 – Vietnam police – 18 books

HX400-HX400.5 – Vietnamese communism and socialism – 84 books

JC599.V5 – Vietnam human rights – 17 books

JQ802-JQ899, Vietnam politics, political science – 359 books

JS7152.2 - JS7152.3.A8 - Local government, Vietnam – 25 books

JX4084.P28 – Paracel and Spratly islands, territorial disputes – 11 books

KPV3-KPV8087, Vietnam law – 516 books

KPW.A3 - KPW350 – Law of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) – 8 books

LA1171-LA1188, Vietnam Education – 108 books

M1824.V5 – Music, Vietnam; Songs, Vietnam – 43 books

NA1514, Vietnamese architecture – 22 books

PL4371-PL4392.9 – Vietnamese language and literature – 3,931 books (including over 2,300 books by individual authors)

PN5449.V5 – Vietnam press/media – 67 books

PN6267.V5 – Anecdotes, Vietnam, Vietnamese wit and humor – 14 books

Q127.V5 - Q127.V53 – Science, Vietnam – 21 books

RA541.V5 – Medical care, Vietnam – 17 books

RS180.V5 – Materia medica (medical plants), Vietnam – 9 books

S471.V47-V52 – Vietnamese agriculture – 36 books

S542.V5 – Vietnam agriculture, research – 9 books

S760.V5 – Agricultural machinery, Vietnam – 3 books

SD235.V5 – Forest policy, Forests and forestry, Vietnam – 23 books

U43.V5 – Vietnam military science – 11 books

UA853.V48-UA853.V5 – Vietnam armed forces - 82 books

Z3226-Z3230 – Vietnamese bibliographic catalogs – 21 books

As can be seen from above, the large holdings are still in history -- which has many subcategories of classification -- language and literature, economic conditions, law, politics and government, and agriculture. Then there are many categories with smaller holdings, but also significant, such as armed forces and education. There are some works that would not fall within a Vietnam subject classification, such as songs of composers like Trinh Cong Son (in this case, his classification would fall alphabetically within the range of other composers from around the world). In any case the wider variety of subject areas covered by books from Vietnam might make the books a little bit too dispersed for a large university library such as UC Berkeley, since most people looking for books on Vietnam would more likely be interested in a variety of topics related to Vietnam rather than a narrow academic perspective focusing only on one of the subject categories listed above.

At U.C. Berkeley the South/Southeast Asia library houses important reference works and current serials related to Vietnam and other countries in South and Southeast Asia, but it does not have the space to house more books, nor the budget to stay open the same hours as the main library; thus most books from Vietnam wind up in the main stacks. Thus, it is helpful for the researcher to be aware of the wide variety of subject classification numbers and therefore possible locations of books and serials. In this context, it should also be noted that many non-fictional works have more than one subject classification, yet in assigning a call number the cataloger must decide upon which of these subject classifications the call number should be based, and therefore where the item is to be located after catalogued.

It should also be noted that in many of the categories listed above, most of the books are in Vietnamese and were generally acquired from Vietnam over the last ten to fifteen years. This is not true in all categories, such as some aspects of the Vietnam war, but even here we are finding more books from Vietnam on specialized topics, such as particular battles or aspects of the war. It also seems that, whereas books on North Vietnam, or the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, generally come within the DS560 classification number, books on Vietnam since reunification, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, often fall under other classification numbers outside of the history classification, for example, social life, law, economic conditions, politics and agriculture.

Virginia Shih of the South/Southeast Asia Library here is primarily responsible for the sharp rise in acquisition in books, having made many trips to Vietnam and also working with vendors of books from the country. She also purchases academic works on Vietnam from the U.S., France and other nations around the world. Another factor is that we have several graduate students and professors focusing their research on Vietnam.

Unfortunately, we have not seen much increase in our library holdings of works produced by the overseas Vietnamese community, and this is mainly because the responsibility for obtaining such works lays not with the South/Southeast Asia library here. There are various factors involved in the acquisition of books and other library materials. In my own cataloging searches, I find some university libraries, such as UCLA and Cornell, which have acquired significant amounts of overseas Vietnamese materials, along with public libraries such as those in Los Angeles, San Jose and San Francisco. The public library holdings would tend more toward popular literature.

Of course one cannot expect a numerical balance in university libraries between books published in Vietnam and books published by Vietnamese overseas, given that the publishing industry in Vietnam is so extensive and voluminous in production. On the other hand, since all the publishing houses in Vietnam are government-controlled, and since dissident views are liable to be suppressed, with many intellectuals, artists, and political and religious officials having fled the country, the overseas Vietnamese press offers alternative voices, of a culture that has re-established itself here in America and in other countries. Literature, memoirs and political and historical analysis are among the areas where overseas Vietnamese publications can provide a supplement for university library collections, with alternative views to the published works from Vietnam. I was told by Hao Phan of Northern Illinois University library that print media is declining among overseas Vietnamese as the audience is mostly middle-aged and older, while younger people generally lack fluency. This adds to the importance of preserving such print resources while they are still available.

The Indochina Archive/Douglas Pike collection

Unfortunately I have not had time to research the various archives and collections on Vietnam in the U.S. and other countries; and as already noted I am not in a position to comment on the state of archives and libraries in Vietnam. There are collections worth mentioning, such as the U.C. Irvine Southeast Asian Archive (http://www.lib.uci.edu/libraries/collections/sea/sasian.html) which collects primarily refugee materials; the various presidential libraries, particularly the Lyndon Johnson Library at the University of Texas in Austin; Texas Tech’s Vietnam Center which I have already mentioned; the CDEC (Combined Document Exploitation Center) files at the US National Archives; and various archives and libraries around the country and in other countries which have received donations of various researchers.

But I would like to focus my comments in this section on the Indochina Archive of U.C. Berkeley, as I worked there for 19 years and am concerned about the future of what remains of it here.

This archive is a collection that grew out of Douglas Pike’s research on the National Liberation Front and North Vietnam during the war, when he was a U.S. Foreign Service officer in Vietnam. He continued writing on Vietnam building his collection after returning to Washington with the end of the war. Upon retiring from government in early 1981, Mr. Pike was persuaded by some prominent political science professors of U.C. Berkeley to bring his collection out to the university, his alma mater, where he could establish his archive under university auspices and also direct the Indochina Studies Project, to publish a newsletter and sponsor monographs and other research by Vietnam scholars. The archive comprised a wide variety of material and was organized into various subject areas with subcategories; for example economic conditions of communist Vietnam was subdivided into categories such as economic planning and assessment; fiscal policy; foreign trade and aid; domestic trade; and construction. The files were also organized into broad categories such as Laos, Cambodia, South Vietnam (1954-76); National Liberation Front, War, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and Socialist Republic of Vietnam (DRV/SRV), biographical files, graphics; and from there subdivided into various categories depending on the area (DRV/SRV files the most organized in this sense). Most of the materials were in English and in the case of the DRV/SRV files, probably over 80 percent consisted of FBIS and JPRS translations of official press articles. He also had other materials rarely found elsewhere, such as unpublished papers, journal articles and debriefing reports from the region and other unclassified or declassified materials circulated among government staff. The DRV/SRV files were continuous, as the regime of North Vietnam was basically extended over the entire country with the 1975 reunification. The most specialized and largest holdings were the files on the Vietnam War, the National Liberation Front and the DRV/SRV because these reflected Mr. Pike’s original research interests, as an expert on Vietnamese communism.

I worked for Mr. Pike from 1983 until he left for Texas Tech in 1997. Prior to that, I had gone through some of his files for research on re-education camps and related human rights issues in Vietnam. These files greatly eased my research which at the time involved visiting several university libraries in the area and going through various newspaper indexes, as well as FBIS and JPRS indexes in order to locate relevant articles in either print or microfiche. One of the great values of the archive was not only the materials themselves and the scope of topics covered, but also the manner in which it was organized, essentially accomplishing a major part of the kind of preliminary work normally done by researchers. During the time Mr. Pike was at Berkeley, the archive was visited by journalists, government officials and scholars from all over the world.

The Indochina Archive in some respects represented a different era of information gathering about Vietnam than what exists today. It began with Mr. Pike’s work in Vietnam, gathering information about the National Liberation Front and North Vietnam, based largely on interviews with captured soldiers and defectors, captured documents, FBIS and JPRS translations and intelligence reports. In the post-75 period, and particularly his move to Berkeley, a large portion of the materials put into files consisted of JPRS and FBIS translated articles, each article cut and pasted and placed into the appropriate file. By 1996 JPRS stopped publishing and FBIS made the transition from its paper/microfiche format to an online version, World News Connection. Unfortunately this online version reprints and translations of Vietnam press articles is extremely sparse in comparison to before, apparently because of copyright concerns. At the same time, though, other magazines and newspapers were becoming available in the 1990s, and electronic and internet resources on Vietnam were beginning to proliferate. I recall during the last period Mr. Pike was there, cutting and pasting almost every article in the voluminous Vietnam Investment Review. It did not make a great deal of sense to me, since it was also available in CD-ROM format. In the years since then, there has been so much made available in various online news sources, that it makes more sense to store these articles electronically than to print them all out and file them.

Nevertheless, the time frame represented in this collection consists largely of materials that would not be readily available through online or electronic resources, and furthermore, the organization of these files greatly eases research. One of our last visitors, a few years after Mr. Pike left, was a graduate student from Vietnam’s Foreign Ministry, writing his doctoral thesis on Vietnam-China-U.S. relations.

Mr. Pike left because the archive and other activities of the Indochina Studies Project had lost its private funding, and the university, being in the midst of a financial crisis, reached the point where it was unwilling to provide the necessary level of funding to keep it going. He had intended to take all of the collection with him to the Vietnam Center of Texas Tech University, but the university here opposed that action. The result was that while most of the collection went to Texas Tech a substantial portion remained behind here at Berkeley. That part which went to Texas Tech included the files on the Vietnam War, National Liberation Front, graphics and some special collections such as the Friends of Vietnam’s organizational files. The biographical files were photocopied, with the originals remaining in Berkeley and the photocopies going to Texas Tech. What remained in Berkeley included most of the files on post-1975 Vietnam and Laos, and post-1977 Cambodia, the refugee files, interview files with NLF defectors, and some important books, most notably the multi-volume National Liberation Front Interviews carried out by the Rand Corporation (which Mr. Pike had meant to take to Texas Tech). Much of the war files, including the NLF files, had been placed onto microfiche under a separate project with University Microfilms International, and copies of these also remained in Berkeley. Overall, about 40% of the paper files remained at U.C. Berkeley after Mr. Pike’s departure.

Shortly after Mr. Pike’s departure in 1997 I compiled an inventory of what remained and it can be seen at my website: http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~sdenney/file.txt -- the files listed by office-sized file drawers (about 2.3 feet to one drawer). Overall the files came to around 525 linear feet of government documents, press clippings, and private papers stored in vertical files and organized by subject. Subsequently we acquired more materials, most notably about three file cabinets, or twelve office sized file drawers, of materials from the Indochina Resource Center (changed to Southeast Asia Resource Center in 1977), which was the major anti-war research organization during the Vietnam war. Also, under the new director Peter Zinoman and his wife Cam Nguyen, the archive (now renamed Indochina Center) acquired many serials from Vietnam, about 42 different titles, along with other periodicals which had not been previously received (these are listed in the 1997 inventory I posted, see url link above).

I continued working at the Indochina Archive on a part-time basis until 2002 when I left to work full time at the library. Unfortunately, the archive never found enough foundation support to make it a viable operation. Furthermore few were aware of the large amounts of archival materials that had remained in Berkeley after Mr. Pike’s departure, so the number of people visiting the collection dropped drastically. Over the last few years, with no one working there, the archive has been closed to the public. Some parts of it have been sent U.C. Berkeley library: the microfiche, including the microfiche of the Indochina Archive Vietnam war files; books and serials, including the Rand NLF interviews; the refugee files; and the war participant interviews, primarily with captured and defecting NLF/NVA soldiers. The refugee files went to the Ethnic Studies library, the war participant interviews to the South/Southeast Asia library, and the microfiche and books to the main library. The respective files at both these branch libraries are presently in process. But most of the files still remain at the Indochina Center, inaccessible to the public, with their future status unclear. Unfortunately, our library at Berkeley does not seem to have the funds or staff to process and house the bulk of these files.

If these files cannot be made available at our library, then hopefully they will be given to another library which has the funds and staff to process and maintain them, given that Mr. Pike intended the entire archive to be his legacy to future researchers.


Conclusion

The dramatically different conditions for research on Vietnam today as compared to the past has been rooted in two fundamental changes: (1) the end of Vietnam’s political and economic isolation and its opening to the west; and (2) technological changes, particularly the rapid expansion of internet. It is now possible to conduct virtual tours of libraries with major Vietnam holdings though using their electronic catalogs, or to browse and search for holdings in thousands of libraries at a time through worldcat.org. That combined with Inter Library Loan makes available a large variety of books that would not have been readily available in earlier years. Added to that is the rapid expansion of other information on internet and the increased ease of visiting and conducting research in Vietnam. Achieving fluency in the Vietnamese language is fundamental toward being able to use these resources, particularly the ever growing number of books from Vietnam received by our library and other libraries with Vietnam collections.

--------------------------------------------------


Appendices

Appendix 1: Vietnam related history classifications

(adapted in part from Classification Web of the Library of Congress)

Note: numbers in brackets are subtotals

DS531 – 22 periodicals
periodicals

DS531.3 – DS531.5 – 10 books
Bibliography

DS532 - 4 books

DS532.4 - 1 book

DS532.5 - 7 books
Indochina guidebooks

DS532.8 – 7 books
Indochina bibliography

DS533 – 1 book

DS534 – 112 books
Indochina -- Description and travel.

DS535 – 14 books
Indochina -- Description and travel.

DS536 – 4 books
Indochina -- Antiquities.

DS537 – 14 books
Indochina – Civilization

DS538 – 14 books
Indochina – Ethnography

DS539 – 23 books
Vietnam – ethnic minorities

DS540 – 10 books
Indochina -- Biography -- Dictionaries.

DS541 – 21 books
Indochina -- History.

DS542 – 7 books
Addresses, essays, lectures

DS544-544.7 – 10 books
Military history

DS546 – 9 books
Foreign and general relations

DS546.5 – 18 books
Political history

DS546.6. – 1 book
Foreign relations (see DS546)

DS547 – 1 book
History, Earliest to 1787

DS548 – 17 books
History, 1787-1884

DS549 – 79 books
1884-1945. Sino-French War, 1884-1885; see DS559.92.T6 for Tongking

DS550 – 185 books
1945- General works

DS553 – 4 books
Indochinese War, 1946-1954, sources and documents

DS553.1 – 112 books
General works. Military operations (General)

DS553.2 – 1 book
Pictorial works. Satire, caricature, etc

DS553.3.D5 – 84 books
Dien Bien Phu

DS553.3. 11 books(other battles)

DS553.4 . – 25 books
Indochinese War, 1946-1954 -- Regimental histories.

DS553.5 – 48 books
Indochinese War, 1946-1954 -- Personal narratives

DS553.6 – 4 books
Armistices. Peace negotiations

DS553.7. – 20 books
Other topics (not A-Z)

DS554 – 14 serials
Cambodia, periodicals

DS554.25- DS554.98 – 634 books
Cambodia, various subtopics

DS555 – 224 books
Laos

Vietnam. Annam Including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) For works on the Democratic Republic of Vietnam seeDS560-560.72

DS556 – 48 periodical titles
Periodicals. Societies. Serials Museums, exhibitions, etc.

DS556.12 – 0 items
General works on historical museums in Vietnam

DS556.13.A-Z – 3 books
Individual museums. By place, A-Z

DS556.14 – 8 books
Congresses

DS556.2 – 13 books
Sources and documents

DS556.25 – 30 books
Gazetteers. Dictionaries, etc. Guidebooks

DS556.3 – 73 books
General works

DS556.328 – 6 books
Historical geography

DS556.33 – 5 books
Geography

==

Description and travel

DS556.34 - 2 books
Earliest through 1800

DS556.36 – 16 books
1801-1954

DS556.38 – 13 books
1955-1975

DS556.39 – 75 books
1976-

DS556.4 – 45 books
Antiquities

DS556.42 – 340 books
Social life and customs. Civilization. Intellectual life

===

Ethnography

DS556.44 – 63 books
General works

DS556.45.A-Z – (broken down by ethnic group) – 184 books
Individual elements in the population, A-Z

DS556.45.A43 – [4 books]
Amerasians

DS556.45.A73
Arem

DS556.45.B78 – [1 book]
Bru (Southeast Asian people)

DS556.45.C5 – [19 books]
Chams

DS556.45.C55 – [19 books]
Chinese

DS556.45.C57
Ching

DS556.45.C59 – [2 books]
Chut

DS556.45.83 – [1 books]
Cua (Vietnamese people)

DS556.45.G53 – [1 book]
Giay

DS556.45.H35 – [2 books]
Hani

DS556.45.H56 – [7 books]
Hmong

DS556.45.J3 – [5 books]
Jarai

DS556.45.K5 – [8 books]
Khmers

DS556.45.K54 – [1 book]
Khmu

DS556.45.K63 – [1 book]
Koho

DS556.45.L2 – [1 book]
Lati (Asian people)

DS556.45.L34 - [1 book]
Lahu

DS556.45.L367 – [1 book]
Laqua

DS556.45.M22
Mã Lièng

DS556.45.M3 – [1 book]
Mang

DS556.45.M6 – [24 books]
Montagnards (General)

DS556.45.M84-M85 – [14 books]
Muong

DS556.45.N85 – [3 books]
Nung

DS556.45.R14 – [1 book]
Roglai

DS556.45.R48 – [6 books]
Rhade

DS556.45.R82 – [1 book]
Ruc

DS556.45.S23 – [1 book]
San Chay

DS556.45.S25 – [2 books]
San Diu

DS556.45.T35 – [33 books]
Tai

DS556.45.T39 – [8 books]
Tay Nung

DS556.45.T53
Thai Deng

DS556.45.V34
Van Kieu

DS556.45.Y3-Y36 – [13 books]
Yao

DS556.47 – 55 books
Biography (Collective)

For individual biography, see the special period orlocality

==

History
Historiography

DS556.487 – 5 books
General works

==

Biography of historians, area studies specialists, archaeologists, etc.

DS556.488 – 0 books
Collective

DS556.489.A-Z – 8 books
Individual, A-Z

==

DS556.49 – 16 books
Study and teaching

DS556.5 – 129 books
General works

DS556.54 – 13 books
Military history

For individual campaigns and engagements, see the special period or reign

DS556.55 – 0 books
Naval history

For individual campaigns and engagements, see the special period or reign

==

Diplomatic history. Foreign and general relations

DS556.57 – 34 books
General works

DS556.58.A-Z – 63 books
Relations with individual countries, A-Z

By period

Earliest to 1225

DS556.6 – 53 books
General works

Biography and memoirs

DS556.62 – 4 books
Collective

DS556.63.A-Z – 10 books
Individual, A-Z

1225-1802

DS556.7 – 72 books
General works

Biography and memoirs

DS556.72 – 5 books
Collective

DS556.73.A-Z – 72 books
Individual, A-Z e.g.DS556.73.N5Nguyen Hue, King of Vietnam (Quang Trung)

DS556.8 – 282 books
General works

DS556.815 – 15 books
August Revolution, 1945

Biography and memoirs

DS556.82 - 13 books
Collective

DS556.83.A-Z – 71 books
Individual, A-Z


1954-1975 For works on the Democratic Republic of Vietnam see DS560-560.72

DS556.9 107 books
General works

Biography and memoirs

DS556.92 – 9 books
Collective

DS556.93.A-Z – 57 books
Individual, A-Z

==

Vietnam War

DS557 – DS557.A1-A5.A1 - 19
Periodicals

DS557.A5A12 - 19 books
Bibliography

DS557.A5 – 260 books
Vietnam war, general history

DS557.A55 – 17 books
Vietnam, Social life and customs

DS557.A56-568 – 42 books
History

DS557.A6.A1 – 23 periodicals

DS557.A6 A692 - 825 books
War in Vietnam, south

DS557.A7 – 225 books
NLF and North Vietnam

DS557.A72-742 –29 books
North Vietnam

DS557.A76.H56 - DS557.A76.H7148 – 40 books
Ho Chi Minh

DS557.A782 - 11 books
North Vietnam general

DS557.A761-A78 – 7 books
Other North Vietnam leaders

DS557.A8 – 17 books
Vietnam war provinces(?)

DS557.C15-DS557.C2.A2–14 Cambodia serials

DS557.C2 A4 –DS557.C29–144 books
Cambodia

DS557.C7 –42 books
Cochinchina

DS557.L2-L29 – 160 books
Laos

DS557.T7 – 70 books
Tonkin

DS557.V5-DS557.24 – 32 books
Vietnam, miscellaneous topics

DS557.3 – 4 books
Congresses. Conferences, etc.

DS557.32 – 1 book
Cambodia

DS557.4 – 24 books
Sources and documents

DS557.5 – 11 books
Biography (Collective)

For individual biography, see the individual countries in DA-F

DS557.6-.62 – 7 books
Causes. Origins. Aims

DS557.7 – 280 books
General works. Military operations (General)

DS557.72 – 17 books
Pictorial works. Satire, caricature, etc.

DS557.73 – 15 books
Motion pictures about the war

DS557.74 – 3 books
Study and teaching

DS557.75 – Ha Tien – 1 book

DS557.8.A-Z – 94 books
Individual campaigns, battles, etc., A-Z e.g.:

DS557.8.C3 – [7 books]
Cambodia

DS557.8.C4 – [4 books]
Central Highlands

DS557.8.E23 – [5 books]
Easter Offensive, 1972

DS557.8.H83 – [4 books]
Hue

DS557.8.K5 – [7 books]
Khe Sanh

DS557.8.L3 – [9 books]
Laos

DS557.8.L66 [2 books]
Long Tân

DS557.8.M9-M92 – [8 books]
My Lai

DS557.8.S6 – [1 book]
Sontay Raid, 1970

DS557.8.T4 – [13 books]
Tet Offensive, 1968

==

By country Including foreign relations, participation in the conflict, etc. United States

DS558 – 108 books
General works

DS558.A6 – Angkor – [40 books]

DS558.H3 – Hanoi – [8 books]

DS558.H8 – Hue – [6 books]

DS558.2 – 29 books

General special


DS558.4 – 15 books
Armies, divisions, regiments, etc.

DS558.5 – 62 books
Democratic Republic (North Vietnam) Cf. DS560.4 Effect of war in North Vietnam

DS558.6.A-Z – 33 books
Other, A-Z Military operations see DS557.7 Armies, divisions, regiments, etc. see DS558.4

DS558.7 – 12 books
Naval operations Including history of individual units

DS558.8 – 57 books
Aerial operations Including history of individual units

DS558.85 – 2 books
Engineering operations

DS558.9.A-Z – 5 books
Other services, A-Z

DS558.9.A75 – 2 books
Armor

DS558.9.A77 – 1 book
Artillery

DS558.92 – 11 books
Guerrilla operations

Medals, badges, decorations of honor Including lists of recipients and individual recipients of medals

DS558.98
General works

DS558.99.A-Z
By region or country, A-Z

DS559
Registers, lists of dead and wounded, etc.

DS559.2 – 9 books
Atrocities. War crimes

DS559.3 – 2 books
Destruction and pillage

DS559.4 – 24 books
Prisoners and prisons

DS559.42 – 1 book
Economic aspects. Commerce, finance, etc. (General) For individual countries, see HC, HF, HJ

DS559.44 – 9 books
Medical and sanitary services

DS559.46 – 13 books
Press. Censorship. Publicity

DS559.5 – 167 books
Personal narratives

Protest movements, anti-war demonstrations, public opinion

DS559.6 – 7 books
General works

DS559.62.A-Z – 45 books
By region or country, A-Z

DS559.62.U6 - Antiwar movement in the U.S. – [35 books]
For individual demonstrations, see the city where held

DS559.63 – 6 books
Relief work. Charities. Refugees. Displaced persons

DS559.64 – 3 books
Moral and religious aspects

DS559.7 – 33 books
Peace negotiations, treaties, etc.

==

Veterans
DS559.72 – 4 books
General works For specific services for veterans see UB356-369.5

DS559.73.A-Z – 13 books
By region or country, A-Z

DS559.8.A-Z – 80 books
Other topics, A-Z

DS559.8.A4 – [1 book]
Amnesty

DS559.8.A78 - [1 book]
Art and the war

Biological warfare see DS559.8.C5

DS559.8.B55 – [9 books]
Blacks

DS559.8.C5 – [6 books]
Chemical warfare. Biological warfare. Defoliation

DS559.8.C53 – [7 books]
Children. Orphans

DS559.8.C54 [0 books]
Churches

DS559.8.C6 – [2 books]
Communications

DS559.8.C63 – [4 books]
Conscientious objectors

Defoliation see DS559.8.C5

DS559.8.D4 – [1 book]
Desertions

DS559.8.D7 – [8 books]
Draft resisters

DS559.8.F84 - [1 book]
Fuel supplies

DS559.8.J35 – [1 book]
Japanese Americans

DS559.8.M39 – [8 books]
Mexican Americans

DS559.8.M44 – [18 books]
Military intelligence

DS559.8.M5 – [13 books]
Missing in action

Negroes see DS559.8.B55
Orphans see DS559.8.C53

DS559.8.P65 – [5 books]
Propaganda

DS559.8.P7 – [5 books]
Psychological aspects

DS559.8.R43 – [1 book]
Reconnaissance operations

DS559.8.S3 – [2 books]
Science and technology

DS559.8.S4 – [6 books]
Search and rescue operations

DS559.8.S6 – [3 books]
Social aspects

DS559.8.S9 – [2 books]
Supplies

Technology see DS559.8.S3

DS559.8.T7 – [4 books]
Transportation

DS559.8.T85 – [3 books]
Tunnels

DS559.8.W6 – [20 books]
Women

==

Celebrations. Memorials. Monuments For memorials to special divisions, etc., see the history of the division

DS559.82 – 0 books
General works

DS559.825 - 2 books
United States – general works

DS559.83.A-Z - 8 books
United States, Local, A-Z

DS559.832.A-Z – 0 books
Other regions or countries, A-Z

DS559.9.A-Z – 37 books
Local history, A-Z

==

1975-

Reunification. Socialist Republic of Vietnam For Cambodian-Vietnamese Conflict see
DS554.84-.842

DS559.912 – 208 books
General works

Biography and memoirs

DS559.913 – 1 book
Collective

DS559.914.A-Z – 7 books
Individual, A-Z

Sino-Vietnamese Conflict, 1979

DS559.915 – 1 book
Sources and documents

DS559.916 – 35 books
General works

==

Local history and description

DS559.92.A-Z – 440 books, includes history by province
Protectorates, regions, minor kingdoms, etc., A-Z [note: most of our books in this category are recently published works on Vietnam provinces]

e.g.:

DS559.92.A5 – [0 books]
Annam Class here works on the French protectorate only

DS559.92.C5 – [0 books]
Champa

DS559.92.C6 – [18 books]
Cochin China

DS559.92.T6 – [7 books]
Tongking (Tonkin)

DS559.93.A-Z – 401 books
Cities, towns, etc., A-Z

e.g.:

DS559.93.H36 – [48 books]
Hanoi

Ho Chi Minh City see DS559.93.S2

DS559.93.H63 – [2 books]
Hoa Lu'

DS559.93.H8-H83 – [40 books]
Hue

DS559.93.S2 – [48 books]
Saigon. Ho Chi Minh City

==

Democratic Republic (North Vietnam), 1945-1975

DS560 – 22 books [note: in our library this is a misclassification, as the classification number corresponds to books on the Shan state of Burma and minorities in Laos and Thailand, not on North Vietnam]

Periodicals. Societies. Serials

DS560.2 – 1 book
Sources and documents

DS560.25 – 0 books
Gazetteers. Dictionaries, etc.

Guidebooks

DS560.3 – 12 books
General works

DS560.4 – 2 books
Description and travel

DS560.42 – 0 books
Antiquities

DS560.5 – 3 books
Social life and customs.

Civilization. Intellectual life Ethnography

DS560.54 – 2 books
General works

DS560.56.A-Z - 0 books
Individual elements in the population, A-Z

History DS560.6 – 14 books
General works Diplomatic history. Foreign and general relations

DS560.68 – 2 books
General works

DS560.69.A-Z – 8 books
Relations with individual countries, A-Z

Biography and memoirs

DS560.7 – 1 book
Collective

DS560.72.A-Z – 396 books
Individual, A-Z

DS560.72.H6-H67 – [307 books]
Hô Chi Minh

DS560.92 – 16 books
Local history and description see also DS559.92-.93



Appendix 2: Indochina Archive/Douglas Pike collection at U.C. Berkeley

The following is a list of files and other materials as measured by file cabinet drawer (about 2 ½ feet long) from an inventory after Douglas Pike left for Texas Tech University in 1997. Of the files listed below, the war participant interviews, refugee files, books and microfiche have been incorporated into the U.C. Berkeley library, although the files are presently in process. The biographical files were photocopied and the copies sent to Texas Tech, the originals remaining here in Berkeley. We also received important donated files after this inventory was drawn up, most notably twelve office sized file drawers, of materials from the Indochina Resource Center (changed to Southeast Asia Resource Center in 1977). The Vietnamese-language periodicals listed below were mostly acquired after Mr. Pike left by the new director, Peter Zinoman. The question remains as to what will happen to those files listed below which have not yet been transferred to the U.C. Berkeley library system.


PART ONE: CURRENTLY RECEIVED SERIALS

- AN NINH THE GIOI (World Peace) (Hanoi)
- ASEASUK NEWS (ASSN. OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, UK)
- ASIAN SURVEY (Berkeley, California)
- ASIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER (Association of Asian Studies)
- BAN TIN TON GIAO (Religion Newsletter) (published by the Bureau of
Religious Affairs, Hanoi)
- BOAT PEOPLE S.O.S. (mailings)
- BULLETIN OF CONCERNED ASIAN SCHOLARS
- BULLETIN SIGNALETIQUE (newsletter of the Centre d'Information et de
Documentation sur le Vietnam Contemporain, a research center in Paris)
- CDIL BULLETIN D'INFORMATION (CENTRE DE DOCUMENTATION ET
D'INFORMATION SUR LE LAOS) (France)
- CONG AN NHAN DAN (People's Police) (Hanoi)
- CPR UPDATE (COALITION FOR PEACE AND RECONCILIATION, CAMBODIA)
- CENTER FOR S.E. ASIA STUDIES (UCB) NEWSLETTER
- DAI DOAN KET (Great Solidarity) (Ho Chi Minh City)
- DAN CHU & PHAT TRIEN (Democracy and Development) (Germany)
- DAN TOC HOC (Ethnology) (Inst. of Ethnographic Studies, Hanoi)
- DESTINATION: VIETNAM (Tourist magazine from San Francisco)
- DIAKONIA (Jesuit Refugee Service, Asia-Pacific)
- DOI LUC ("Viet Opposing Centre's Forum", Canada)
- EGLISES D' ASIE (Biweekly newsletter of the Foreign Missions of Paris)
- FAR EASTERN ECONOMIC REVIEW
- FRIENDS OF THE VIETNAM CENTER NEWSLETTER (Texas Tech University)
- GIAO DUC VA THOI DAI (Education and Time) (Hanoi)
- HANOI MOI (New Hanoi) (Hanoi)
- HUNG VIET
- IMMF DISPATCH (Indochina Media Memorial Foundation, Bangkok)
- INDOCHINA CHRONOLOGY
- INDOCHINA INTERCHANGE (U.S.-Indochina Reconciliation Project)
- JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ASIA
- KHOSANA (Thailand-Lao-Cambodia Studies Group, AAS)
- LA LETTRE DE L'AFRASE (ASSN. FRANCAISE POUR LA RECHERCHE SUR
- L'ASIE DU SUD EST) (France)
- LAO DONG (Labor) (Hanoi)
- LAO SERITHAM NEWSPAPER (Stockton, California)
- MEKONG DIGEST (WEEKLY PRINTOUT) (U.S.-Vietnam Trade Council, Washing-
ton, D.C.)
- MY THUAT THOI NAY CUOI
- NED DEMOCRACY (National Endowment for Democracy)
- NETWORK FOR LIVING ABROAD
- NGHIEN CUU LY LUAN (Journal of Theoretical Studies, published by
the Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy, Ho Chi Minh City)
- NGHIEN CUU LICH SU (Historical Studies) (Published by the Institute
of Historical Science, Hanoi)
- NGHIEN CUU XA HOI HOC (Sociological Research) (Hanoi)
- NGUOI BAO VE CONG LY (Protector of Justice) (Published by the
People's Supreme Court, Hanoi)
- NGUOI CONG GIAO VIET NAM (Vietnamese Catholics) (Published by the
Committee of Union of Catholics, Hanoi)
- NGUOI DEP VIET NAM (Beautiful Vietnamese) (Hanoi)
- NGUOI HA NOI (Hanoi People) (Hanoi Association of Literature and
Arts, Hanoi)
- NHA BAO & CONG LUAN (Publisher and Public Opinion) (Published by
the Publisher's Union of Vietnam, Hanoi)
- NHAN QUYEN/DROITS DE L'HOMME (Human Rights, Paris)
- PACIFIC AFFAIRS
- PACIFIC RESEARCH
- PACIFIC RIM REPORT
- PHNOM PENH POST
- PHU NU CHU NHAT (Women - Sunday) (published by the Women's
Association of Ho Chi Minh City)
- PHU NU VIETNAM (Vietnamese Women) (published by the Vietnam Woman's
Association, Hanoi)
- POSITIONS: EAST ASIA CULTURES CRITIQUE
- QUE ME (Motherland) (Paris)
- REFUGEE REVIEW (UNIV. OF MINNESOTA)
- SAIGON ECO
- SAIGON TIMES WEEKLY
- SELECTIONS ON SE ASIA
- SONG HUONG (culture and arts journal, published in Hue)
- SOUTHEAST ASIAN ARCHIVE NEWSLETTER (Univ. of California at Irvine)
- SUVANNABHUMI (Arizona State University Southeast Asian Studies Center)
- TAI HOA TRE (Youth Talent) (Ho Chi Minh City)
- TAP CHI LICH SU DANG (Party Historical Review) (Hanoi)
- TAP CHI NGHIEN CUU PHAT HOC (Buddhist Research Review) (published by the
Vietnam Buddhist Church, Hanoi)
- TIEN PHONG CHU NHAT (Vanguard, Sunday edition) (Hanoi)
- TOA AN NHAN DAN (People's Court) (Published by the People's Supreme
Court, Hanoi)
- TUOI TRE (Youth) (Ho Chi Minh City)
- TUOI TRE CUOI (Smiling Youth) (Ho Chi Minh City)
- VAN NGHE (Literature) (Published by the Vietnam Writers'
Association, Hanoi)
- VAN NGHE QUAN DOI (Army Literature) (Hanoi)
- VAN NGHE TRE (Youth Literature) (Published by the Vietnam Writers'
Association, Hanoi)
- VIEN GIAC (Vietnam Buddhist magazine from Germany)
- VIET MARKETING AND BUSINESS REPORTS/KHAI - THUC THI TRUONG (Canada)
- VIET NAM AJOUR (DANSK VIETNAMESISK FORENING, DENMARK)
- VIETNAM (Vietnam War journal)
- VIETNAM BUSINESS JOURNAL
- VIETNAM DEMOCRACY
- VIETNAM ECONOMIC TIMES (Hanoi)
- VIET NAM - INFO (Germany)
- VIETNAM INSIGHT
- VIETNAM INVESTMENT REVIEW (Published by the Ministry of Planning and
Investment, Hanoi)
- VIETNAM NEWS AGENCY (DAILY PRINTOUTS) (Hanoi)
- VIETNAMESE STUDIES (Hanoi)
- VIETNAM STUDIES BULLETIN (Vietnam Studies Group newsletter)
- XA HOI HOC (Sociology) (Published by the Institute of Sociology, Hanoi)
- XUA NAY (Before and Now) (Published by the Vietnam Institute of
Science and History, Hanoi)


PART TWO: FILES


I. VIETNAM HISTORY: One Drawer
- PRE-MODERN ERA
- FRENCH COLONIAL ERA
- WORLD WAR II
- OPERATION EXODUS (1954)
- VIET MINH ERA (1945-54)
- DRV/NLF PUBLICATIONS ON HISTORY
- COMMUNISM
- SOUTH VIETNAM (RVN)
- HISTORIC DOCUMENTS

II. DRV/SRV FILES

A. AGRICULTURE:
- GENERAL: 1/4 drawer
- CHRONOLOGICAL: 4 drawers
- ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND WILDLIFE: 1/2 drawer
- COMMUNES/COLLECTIVES: 1/2 drawer
- CROPS: 1 drawer

- FISHING: 1/2 drawer
- INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT: 1/2 drawer
- LUMBER/FORESTRY: 1/2 drawer
- MANAGEMENT: 1/2 drawer
- THEORY OF ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURE: 1/2 drawer
- WATER CONSERVANCY: 1 drawer

B. ANNIVERSARIES: 1 drawer

C. ARMED FORCES:
- GENERAL: 1 1/2 drawers
- CHRONOLOGICAL: 2 drawers
- ECONOMIC: 1/2 drawer
- MEDICAL: 1 large folder
- MILITIA: 1/2 drawer
- PARTY: 1/2 drawer
- RECRUITMENT-TRAINING: 1 drawer
- VETERANS: 1/2 drawer
D. CITIES (mostly post 1980)
- HANOI: 1 drawer
- SAIGON/HO CHI MINH CITY: 3/4 drawer
- OTHER CITIES (filed by city): 1/2 drawer

E. COMMUNICATION-PROPAGANDA: 1 3/4 drawers

F. CULTURE/CUSTOMS AND BEHAVIOR: 1 drawer

G. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS (FORMERLY SITUATIONER) (post 1975): 2 1/2 drawers

H. ECONOMY
- DOMESTIC TRADE: 1 drawer
- ECONOMIC PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT: 6 drawers
- FISCAL: 2 drawers
- FOREIGN TRADE AND AID: 3 drawers
- LABOR: 3/4 drawer
- HEAVY INDUSTRY: 3 drawers
- LIGHT INDUSTRY: 1 drawer
- MANAGEMENT: 2 drawers
- NEW ECONOMIC ZONES: 1/4 drawer
- STATISTICS: 1 drawer
- THEORY: 1 drawer
- TOURISM (1980s-present; new category): 1 drawer
- TRANSPORTATION-COMMUNICATION: 2 drawers

I. EDUCATION: 2 drawers

J. EMULATION MOVEMENTS: 1 drawer

K. ETHNIC CHINESE: 1 drawer

L. ETHNIC MINORITIES: 1/2 drawer

M. FOREIGN RELATIONS
- BLOC (Soviet bloc/former Soviet bloc countries): 3 drawers
- CAMBODIA: 3 1/2 drawers (1978-present; one large folder pre-78)
- CHINA: 7 drawers (1975-present)

- GENERAL: 4 1/2 drawers
- INDIA: 1/2 drawers
- INDOCHINA: 1 drawer
- LAOS: 1 drawer
- JAPAN: 2 drawers
- NON-BLOC: 3 drawers (This would include all countries not
falling into the other categories listed here)
- SOUTHEAST ASIA: 2 1/2 drawers
- THAILAND: 2 drawers
- UNITED NATIONS: 1 drawer
- UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS/FORMER USSR: 5 drawers
- UNITED STATES: 6 drawers

N. GENERAL/BASIC DATA: 1 drawer

O. GOVERNMENT/POLITICS: 2 drawers

P. HEALTH: 1 1/2 drawers

Q. IDEOLOGY: 1 drawer

R. KHIEM THAO (self-criticism movements): 1/4 drawer

S. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY: 1 1/2 drawers (1975-present)

T. PARTY: 3 1/2 drawers (1976-present)

U. PUBLIC WELFARE: 1/4 drawer

V. SECURITY
- DRV SECURITY, 1954-75: 3/4 drawer
- HUMAN RIGHTS: 1/4 drawer
- INTERNAL SECURITY: 3/4 drawer
- LAW ENFORCEMENT: 1 drawer
- LEGAL: 1/2 drawer
- LEGAL TEXTS: 1/4 drawer
- RE-EDUCATION: 1/2 drawer

W. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
- FATHERLAND FRONT: 1/2 drawer
- MASS ORGANIZATIONS: 1/4 drawer
- RELIGION: 1 drawer
- TRADE UNIONS: 1/2 drawer
- WOMEN: 1/2 drawer
- YOUTH: 3/4 drawer

III. CAMBODIA:
A. GENERAL (see microfiche collection)
B. CHRONOLOGICAL (1973-present): 31 drawers

IV. LAOS
A. GENERAL: 1/2 drawer
B. CHRONOLOGICAL (1947-present): 10 1/2 drawers

V. REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM (SOUTH VIETNAM), 1954-75:
A. GENERAL: 2 drawers
B. CHRONOLOGICAL (1953-75): 7 drawers
C. ECONOMIC: 3 drawers
D. EDUCATION: 1/2 drawer
E. VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE MATERIALS: 1 drawer

VI. BIOGRAPHIC FILES
A. CAMBODIA: 1 drawer
B. DRV/SRV:
- CENTRAL COMMITTEE: 2 drawers
- DISSIDENTS IN SRV: 3/4 drawer
- HO CHI MINH: 2 drawers
- MILITARY: 2 drawers
- POLITBURO: 1 drawer
- EX-POLITBURO: 3 drawers
- PROMINENT PERSONALITIES (NON-CC MEMBERS AND NON-MILI-
TARY): 6 drawers
- VO NGUYEN GIAP: 2 drawers
C. EMIGRES: 1 1/2 drawers
D. LAOS: 1/2 drawer
E. NAME LISTS: 1 drawer
F. PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY ORAL HISTORIES: 2 drawers
G. SOUTH VIETNAM: 4 drawers
H. U.S. AND OTHER FOREIGNERS: 4 drawers
I. VIET KIEU STUDY MATERIALS (Douglas Pike, 1996): 1 drawer
J. VIETNAM HISTORICAL FIGURES AND DECEASED: 1 drawer
K. WAR PARTICIPANT INTERVIEWS: 5 drawers

VII. REFUGEES
A. LOUIS WIESNER FILES ON DISPLACED PERSONS IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 3
drawers. (Louis Wiesner was a USAID worker in South Vietnam working
with internally displaced persons. These materials cover the period
of 1954-75.)
B. REFUGEES FROM INDOCHINA 1975-PRESENT: 7 drawers

IX. BIBLIOGRAPHIC MATERIALS: 4 drawers

X. RESEARCH MATERIALS: 4 drawers
A. Academic Activity
B. Conferences

C. Foundations
D. Internet Resources
E. Organizations
F. Research Projects



PART THREE: MICROFORM COLLECTION


- HISTORY OF THE VIETNAM WAR ON MICROFICHE: In 1994 the paper files
devoted to the Vietnam War were moved to Texas Tech University. The
Indochina Center at University of California, Berkeley retains a rare
microfilm version of the entire collection. The content of the microfilm
is as follows:
- UNIT ONE: ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY: The war as viewed and planned
from Hanoi, Saigon, Washington, Moscow and Beijing. Also includes analysis
and commentary from various observers. 1132 fiche.
- UNIT TWO: GENERAL HISTORY: Day to day military activity, from Jan.
1954 to May 1975. This file also includes postwar retrospectives of the
war. 1034 fiche.
- UNIT THREE: TOPICAL HISTORY: 1650 fiche. Divided into the following
categories: allied war participants; anti-war movement; insurgency
warfare; U.S. legal and legislative activity; literature of the war;
POW/MIAs (American and Vietnamese); the press and the war; public opinion;
refugees and civilian casualties; statistical data; technology of warfare;
the U.S. economy and the war; the U.S. mission in Saigon; American
veterans of the war; war atrocities; and war participant interviews.
- UNIT FOUR: POLITICAL SETTLEMENT: 632 fiche. Negotiations leading to
the 1973 Paris Accords, the ceasefire period and retrospectives of the
talks
- UNIT FIVE: NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT: 1126 fiche. Divided into the
following categories: general studies; programs and directives;
organizational history; external relations; organization; administration
of NLF-controlled areas; military activities; political struggle;
communications; mystique (mobilization and motivation techniques); and
captured NLF documents (in Vietnamese).
- UNIT SIX: SOUTH VIETNAM: 942 fiche. Covering the late 1950s to May
1975. Divided into the following categories: general materials; history of
Vietnam (from pre-historical times, through French colonization and the
1954 Geneva conference); daily news; education and culture; and economy.
With the exception of the historical files (Vietnam before 1954), most of
these materials are also in our paper collection.
- UNIT SEVEN: NORTH VIETNAM DURING THE WAR, PART I: 654 fiche. The
Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1954-75. Divided into the following
categories: general materials; government, politics and the Communist
Party; and foreign relations.
- UNIT EIGHT: NORTH VIETNAM AND CAMBODIA DURING THE WAR, PART
II:
- DRV AGRICULTURE: 351 FICHE
- CAMBODIA: 165 FICHE

OTHER MICROFORM:
- CONFIDENTIAL U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT CENTRAL FILES: INDOCHINA
INTERNAL AFFAIRS, 1945-1949: 10 reels with guide
- CIA RESEARCH REPORTS: VIETNAM AND SOUTHEAST ASIA: 1946- 1976: 7 reels
with guide
- FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE U.S., 1958-60, EAST ASIA, CAMBODIA (Dept. of
State): 22 fiche
- JPRS TRANSLATIONS OF NORTH VIETNAM PRESS, 1957-62: 6 reels
- NORTH VIETNAM PRESS (IN VIETNAMESE), 1961-63 (NHAN DAN, QUAN DOI
NHAN DAN, TIEN PHONG): 4 reels
- SRV PRESS: 38 reels. Newspapers from Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City,
1983-86:
- GIAO DUC LY LUAN
- HANOI MOI
- NHAN DAN
- QUAN DOI NHAN DAN
- SAIGON GIAI PHONG
- TAP CHI CONG SAN
- TAP CHI QUAN DOI NHAN DAN
- TRANSCRIPTS AND FILES OF THE PARIS PEACE TALKS ON VIETNAM:
1968-1973: 12 reels with guide
- VIETNAM: A DOCUMENTARY COLLECTION: WESTMORELAND VS. CBS (U.S.
documents declassified as a result of Westmoreland's lawsuit against
60 Minutes): 1010 fiche
- THE WAR IN VIETNAM: CLASSIFIED HISTORIES BY THE NATIONAL
SECURITY COUNCIL: Various declassified letters and high-level
memoranda, 1964-68: 8 reels with guide